This study has been prepared after researches lasted several years in archives and libraries of the Russian Federation. The documentary aspect of this long-lasting study is especially based on the documents found in the Archive of the Russian Empire Foreign Policy the Russian State Military History Archive the Russian Federation State Archive in Moscow and the Russian State History Archive in Saint Petersburg. Library research within the scope of the study was carried out in the Russian National Library Library of the Academy of Sciences Library of the Institute of the Oriental Studies in Saint Petersburg and in the Russian State Library (previously Lenin Library) in Moscow. Besides Russian sources the studies of Armenian historians and authors written in the Russian language during the Tsarist and Soviet eras have also been thoroughly examined in our research. This is the first extensive study carried out in eight different Russian archives on the process of the emergence of the Armenian Question.