Bleak House is a novel by Charles Dickens first published as a 20-episode serial between March 1852 and September 1853. The novel has many characters and several sub-plots and is told partly by the novel's heroine Esther Summerson and partly by an omniscient narrator. At the centre of Bleak House is a long-running legal case in the Court of Chancery Jarndyce and Jarndyce which comes about because a testator has written several conflicting wills. In a preface to the 1853 first edition Dickens claimed there were many actual precedents for his fictional case. One such was probably the Thellusson v Woodford case in which a will read in 1797 was contested and not determined until 1859. Though many in the legal profession criticised Dickens's satire as exaggerated this novel helped support a judicial reform movement which culminated in the enactment of legal reform in the 1870s.